Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system becomes over-reactive, producing antibodies that attack healthy cells. This leads to organ damage based on where the antibodies are directed. Although Lupus patients have an overactive immune system, they often struggle to fight common infections like respiratory or bowel infections. Medications such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs can worsen this vulnerability, making infections potentially life-threatening and triggering disease activity. Early identification and treatment of infections are crucial.

Lupus manifests differently among patients, often causing joint pain and skin rashes, while other symptoms include fluid buildup around the heart and lungs, kidney disease, and brain dysfunction, resulting in visual disturbances, memory loss, seizures, headaches, or psychological issues.

Young women, averaging 22 years old, are most affected, though the disease can occur in men and other age groups. It is most prevalent among people of African descent in the Caribbean and North America. Caribbean women experiencing joint pain, skin rashes, or excess protein in their urine are encouraged to do a blood test promptly to detect Lupus and prevent severe, permanent organ damage.

The diagnosis process involves an Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA) blood test, which signals suspicion. Further tests, like Anti-DNA and Anti-Sm, confirm the diagnosis. Mild cases may require repetitive testing over several years for confirmation. Early testing is vital to managing and mitigating long-term damage caused by the disease.